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[ThirdParty] Added highlight library for better readability on blog.
author June Park <parkjune1995@gmail.com>
date Tue, 13 Jan 2026 19:18:47 -0800
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156:cd35e600ae34 157:2db6253f355d
1 /*! `cpp` grammar compiled for Highlight.js 11.11.1 */
2 (function(){
3 var hljsGrammar = (function () {
4 'use strict';
5
6 /*
7 Language: C++
8 Category: common, system
9 Website: https://isocpp.org
10 */
11
12 /** @type LanguageFn */
13 function cpp(hljs) {
14 const regex = hljs.regex;
15 // added for historic reasons because `hljs.C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE` does
16 // not include such support nor can we be sure all the grammars depending
17 // on it would desire this behavior
18 const C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE = hljs.COMMENT('//', '$', { contains: [ { begin: /\\\n/ } ] });
19 const DECLTYPE_AUTO_RE = 'decltype\\(auto\\)';
20 const NAMESPACE_RE = '[a-zA-Z_]\\w*::';
21 const TEMPLATE_ARGUMENT_RE = '<[^<>]+>';
22 const FUNCTION_TYPE_RE = '(?!struct)('
23 + DECLTYPE_AUTO_RE + '|'
24 + regex.optional(NAMESPACE_RE)
25 + '[a-zA-Z_]\\w*' + regex.optional(TEMPLATE_ARGUMENT_RE)
26 + ')';
27
28 const CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = {
29 className: 'type',
30 begin: '\\b[a-z\\d_]*_t\\b'
31 };
32
33 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/escape
34 // \\ \x \xFF \u2837 \u00323747 \374
35 const CHARACTER_ESCAPES = '\\\\(x[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|u[0-9A-Fa-f]{4,8}|[0-7]{3}|\\S)';
36 const STRINGS = {
37 className: 'string',
38 variants: [
39 {
40 begin: '(u8?|U|L)?"',
41 end: '"',
42 illegal: '\\n',
43 contains: [ hljs.BACKSLASH_ESCAPE ]
44 },
45 {
46 begin: '(u8?|U|L)?\'(' + CHARACTER_ESCAPES + '|.)',
47 end: '\'',
48 illegal: '.'
49 },
50 hljs.END_SAME_AS_BEGIN({
51 begin: /(?:u8?|U|L)?R"([^()\\ ]{0,16})\(/,
52 end: /\)([^()\\ ]{0,16})"/
53 })
54 ]
55 };
56
57 const NUMBERS = {
58 className: 'number',
59 variants: [
60 // Floating-point literal.
61 { begin:
62 "[+-]?(?:" // Leading sign.
63 // Decimal.
64 + "(?:"
65 +"[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*\\.(?:[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*)?"
66 + "|\\.[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*"
67 + ")(?:[Ee][+-]?[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*)?"
68 + "|[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*[Ee][+-]?[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*"
69 // Hexadecimal.
70 + "|0[Xx](?:"
71 +"[0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*(?:\\.(?:[0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*)?)?"
72 + "|\\.[0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*"
73 + ")[Pp][+-]?[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*"
74 + ")(?:" // Literal suffixes.
75 + "[Ff](?:16|32|64|128)?"
76 + "|(BF|bf)16"
77 + "|[Ll]"
78 + "|" // Literal suffix is optional.
79 + ")"
80 },
81 // Integer literal.
82 { begin:
83 "[+-]?\\b(?:" // Leading sign.
84 + "0[Bb][01](?:'?[01])*" // Binary.
85 + "|0[Xx][0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*" // Hexadecimal.
86 + "|0(?:'?[0-7])*" // Octal or just a lone zero.
87 + "|[1-9](?:'?[0-9])*" // Decimal.
88 + ")(?:" // Literal suffixes.
89 + "[Uu](?:LL?|ll?)"
90 + "|[Uu][Zz]?"
91 + "|(?:LL?|ll?)[Uu]?"
92 + "|[Zz][Uu]"
93 + "|" // Literal suffix is optional.
94 + ")"
95 // Note: there are user-defined literal suffixes too, but perhaps having the custom suffix not part of the
96 // literal highlight actually makes it stand out more.
97 }
98 ],
99 relevance: 0
100 };
101
102 const PREPROCESSOR = {
103 className: 'meta',
104 begin: /#\s*[a-z]+\b/,
105 end: /$/,
106 keywords: { keyword:
107 'if else elif endif define undef warning error line '
108 + 'pragma _Pragma ifdef ifndef include' },
109 contains: [
110 {
111 begin: /\\\n/,
112 relevance: 0
113 },
114 hljs.inherit(STRINGS, { className: 'string' }),
115 {
116 className: 'string',
117 begin: /<.*?>/
118 },
119 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
120 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE
121 ]
122 };
123
124 const TITLE_MODE = {
125 className: 'title',
126 begin: regex.optional(NAMESPACE_RE) + hljs.IDENT_RE,
127 relevance: 0
128 };
129
130 const FUNCTION_TITLE = regex.optional(NAMESPACE_RE) + hljs.IDENT_RE + '\\s*\\(';
131
132 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword
133 const RESERVED_KEYWORDS = [
134 'alignas',
135 'alignof',
136 'and',
137 'and_eq',
138 'asm',
139 'atomic_cancel',
140 'atomic_commit',
141 'atomic_noexcept',
142 'auto',
143 'bitand',
144 'bitor',
145 'break',
146 'case',
147 'catch',
148 'class',
149 'co_await',
150 'co_return',
151 'co_yield',
152 'compl',
153 'concept',
154 'const_cast|10',
155 'consteval',
156 'constexpr',
157 'constinit',
158 'continue',
159 'decltype',
160 'default',
161 'delete',
162 'do',
163 'dynamic_cast|10',
164 'else',
165 'enum',
166 'explicit',
167 'export',
168 'extern',
169 'false',
170 'final',
171 'for',
172 'friend',
173 'goto',
174 'if',
175 'import',
176 'inline',
177 'module',
178 'mutable',
179 'namespace',
180 'new',
181 'noexcept',
182 'not',
183 'not_eq',
184 'nullptr',
185 'operator',
186 'or',
187 'or_eq',
188 'override',
189 'private',
190 'protected',
191 'public',
192 'reflexpr',
193 'register',
194 'reinterpret_cast|10',
195 'requires',
196 'return',
197 'sizeof',
198 'static_assert',
199 'static_cast|10',
200 'struct',
201 'switch',
202 'synchronized',
203 'template',
204 'this',
205 'thread_local',
206 'throw',
207 'transaction_safe',
208 'transaction_safe_dynamic',
209 'true',
210 'try',
211 'typedef',
212 'typeid',
213 'typename',
214 'union',
215 'using',
216 'virtual',
217 'volatile',
218 'while',
219 'xor',
220 'xor_eq'
221 ];
222
223 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword
224 const RESERVED_TYPES = [
225 'bool',
226 'char',
227 'char16_t',
228 'char32_t',
229 'char8_t',
230 'double',
231 'float',
232 'int',
233 'long',
234 'short',
235 'void',
236 'wchar_t',
237 'unsigned',
238 'signed',
239 'const',
240 'static'
241 ];
242
243 const TYPE_HINTS = [
244 'any',
245 'auto_ptr',
246 'barrier',
247 'binary_semaphore',
248 'bitset',
249 'complex',
250 'condition_variable',
251 'condition_variable_any',
252 'counting_semaphore',
253 'deque',
254 'false_type',
255 'flat_map',
256 'flat_set',
257 'future',
258 'imaginary',
259 'initializer_list',
260 'istringstream',
261 'jthread',
262 'latch',
263 'lock_guard',
264 'multimap',
265 'multiset',
266 'mutex',
267 'optional',
268 'ostringstream',
269 'packaged_task',
270 'pair',
271 'promise',
272 'priority_queue',
273 'queue',
274 'recursive_mutex',
275 'recursive_timed_mutex',
276 'scoped_lock',
277 'set',
278 'shared_future',
279 'shared_lock',
280 'shared_mutex',
281 'shared_timed_mutex',
282 'shared_ptr',
283 'stack',
284 'string_view',
285 'stringstream',
286 'timed_mutex',
287 'thread',
288 'true_type',
289 'tuple',
290 'unique_lock',
291 'unique_ptr',
292 'unordered_map',
293 'unordered_multimap',
294 'unordered_multiset',
295 'unordered_set',
296 'variant',
297 'vector',
298 'weak_ptr',
299 'wstring',
300 'wstring_view'
301 ];
302
303 const FUNCTION_HINTS = [
304 'abort',
305 'abs',
306 'acos',
307 'apply',
308 'as_const',
309 'asin',
310 'atan',
311 'atan2',
312 'calloc',
313 'ceil',
314 'cerr',
315 'cin',
316 'clog',
317 'cos',
318 'cosh',
319 'cout',
320 'declval',
321 'endl',
322 'exchange',
323 'exit',
324 'exp',
325 'fabs',
326 'floor',
327 'fmod',
328 'forward',
329 'fprintf',
330 'fputs',
331 'free',
332 'frexp',
333 'fscanf',
334 'future',
335 'invoke',
336 'isalnum',
337 'isalpha',
338 'iscntrl',
339 'isdigit',
340 'isgraph',
341 'islower',
342 'isprint',
343 'ispunct',
344 'isspace',
345 'isupper',
346 'isxdigit',
347 'labs',
348 'launder',
349 'ldexp',
350 'log',
351 'log10',
352 'make_pair',
353 'make_shared',
354 'make_shared_for_overwrite',
355 'make_tuple',
356 'make_unique',
357 'malloc',
358 'memchr',
359 'memcmp',
360 'memcpy',
361 'memset',
362 'modf',
363 'move',
364 'pow',
365 'printf',
366 'putchar',
367 'puts',
368 'realloc',
369 'scanf',
370 'sin',
371 'sinh',
372 'snprintf',
373 'sprintf',
374 'sqrt',
375 'sscanf',
376 'std',
377 'stderr',
378 'stdin',
379 'stdout',
380 'strcat',
381 'strchr',
382 'strcmp',
383 'strcpy',
384 'strcspn',
385 'strlen',
386 'strncat',
387 'strncmp',
388 'strncpy',
389 'strpbrk',
390 'strrchr',
391 'strspn',
392 'strstr',
393 'swap',
394 'tan',
395 'tanh',
396 'terminate',
397 'to_underlying',
398 'tolower',
399 'toupper',
400 'vfprintf',
401 'visit',
402 'vprintf',
403 'vsprintf'
404 ];
405
406 const LITERALS = [
407 'NULL',
408 'false',
409 'nullopt',
410 'nullptr',
411 'true'
412 ];
413
414 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword
415 const BUILT_IN = [ '_Pragma' ];
416
417 const CPP_KEYWORDS = {
418 type: RESERVED_TYPES,
419 keyword: RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
420 literal: LITERALS,
421 built_in: BUILT_IN,
422 _type_hints: TYPE_HINTS
423 };
424
425 const FUNCTION_DISPATCH = {
426 className: 'function.dispatch',
427 relevance: 0,
428 keywords: {
429 // Only for relevance, not highlighting.
430 _hint: FUNCTION_HINTS },
431 begin: regex.concat(
432 /\b/,
433 /(?!decltype)/,
434 /(?!if)/,
435 /(?!for)/,
436 /(?!switch)/,
437 /(?!while)/,
438 hljs.IDENT_RE,
439 regex.lookahead(/(<[^<>]+>|)\s*\(/))
440 };
441
442 const EXPRESSION_CONTAINS = [
443 FUNCTION_DISPATCH,
444 PREPROCESSOR,
445 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES,
446 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
447 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
448 NUMBERS,
449 STRINGS
450 ];
451
452 const EXPRESSION_CONTEXT = {
453 // This mode covers expression context where we can't expect a function
454 // definition and shouldn't highlight anything that looks like one:
455 // `return some()`, `else if()`, `(x*sum(1, 2))`
456 variants: [
457 {
458 begin: /=/,
459 end: /;/
460 },
461 {
462 begin: /\(/,
463 end: /\)/
464 },
465 {
466 beginKeywords: 'new throw return else',
467 end: /;/
468 }
469 ],
470 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
471 contains: EXPRESSION_CONTAINS.concat([
472 {
473 begin: /\(/,
474 end: /\)/,
475 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
476 contains: EXPRESSION_CONTAINS.concat([ 'self' ]),
477 relevance: 0
478 }
479 ]),
480 relevance: 0
481 };
482
483 const FUNCTION_DECLARATION = {
484 className: 'function',
485 begin: '(' + FUNCTION_TYPE_RE + '[\\*&\\s]+)+' + FUNCTION_TITLE,
486 returnBegin: true,
487 end: /[{;=]/,
488 excludeEnd: true,
489 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
490 illegal: /[^\w\s\*&:<>.]/,
491 contains: [
492 { // to prevent it from being confused as the function title
493 begin: DECLTYPE_AUTO_RE,
494 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
495 relevance: 0
496 },
497 {
498 begin: FUNCTION_TITLE,
499 returnBegin: true,
500 contains: [ TITLE_MODE ],
501 relevance: 0
502 },
503 // needed because we do not have look-behind on the below rule
504 // to prevent it from grabbing the final : in a :: pair
505 {
506 begin: /::/,
507 relevance: 0
508 },
509 // initializers
510 {
511 begin: /:/,
512 endsWithParent: true,
513 contains: [
514 STRINGS,
515 NUMBERS
516 ]
517 },
518 // allow for multiple declarations, e.g.:
519 // extern void f(int), g(char);
520 {
521 relevance: 0,
522 match: /,/
523 },
524 {
525 className: 'params',
526 begin: /\(/,
527 end: /\)/,
528 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
529 relevance: 0,
530 contains: [
531 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
532 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
533 STRINGS,
534 NUMBERS,
535 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES,
536 // Count matching parentheses.
537 {
538 begin: /\(/,
539 end: /\)/,
540 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
541 relevance: 0,
542 contains: [
543 'self',
544 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
545 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
546 STRINGS,
547 NUMBERS,
548 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES
549 ]
550 }
551 ]
552 },
553 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES,
554 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
555 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
556 PREPROCESSOR
557 ]
558 };
559
560 return {
561 name: 'C++',
562 aliases: [
563 'cc',
564 'c++',
565 'h++',
566 'hpp',
567 'hh',
568 'hxx',
569 'cxx'
570 ],
571 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
572 illegal: '</',
573 classNameAliases: { 'function.dispatch': 'built_in' },
574 contains: [].concat(
575 EXPRESSION_CONTEXT,
576 FUNCTION_DECLARATION,
577 FUNCTION_DISPATCH,
578 EXPRESSION_CONTAINS,
579 [
580 PREPROCESSOR,
581 { // containers: ie, `vector <int> rooms (9);`
582 begin: '\\b(deque|list|queue|priority_queue|pair|stack|vector|map|set|bitset|multiset|multimap|unordered_map|unordered_set|unordered_multiset|unordered_multimap|array|tuple|optional|variant|function|flat_map|flat_set)\\s*<(?!<)',
583 end: '>',
584 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
585 contains: [
586 'self',
587 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES
588 ]
589 },
590 {
591 begin: hljs.IDENT_RE + '::',
592 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS
593 },
594 {
595 match: [
596 // extra complexity to deal with `enum class` and `enum struct`
597 /\b(?:enum(?:\s+(?:class|struct))?|class|struct|union)/,
598 /\s+/,
599 /\w+/
600 ],
601 className: {
602 1: 'keyword',
603 3: 'title.class'
604 }
605 }
606 ])
607 };
608 }
609
610 return cpp;
611
612 })();
613
614 hljs.registerLanguage('cpp', hljsGrammar);
615 })();