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[ThirdParty] Added highlight library for better readability on blog.
author June Park <parkjune1995@gmail.com>
date Tue, 13 Jan 2026 19:18:47 -0800
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156:cd35e600ae34 157:2db6253f355d
1 /*! `cpp` grammar compiled for Highlight.js 11.11.1 */
2 var hljsGrammar = (function () {
3 'use strict';
4
5 /*
6 Language: C++
7 Category: common, system
8 Website: https://isocpp.org
9 */
10
11 /** @type LanguageFn */
12 function cpp(hljs) {
13 const regex = hljs.regex;
14 // added for historic reasons because `hljs.C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE` does
15 // not include such support nor can we be sure all the grammars depending
16 // on it would desire this behavior
17 const C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE = hljs.COMMENT('//', '$', { contains: [ { begin: /\\\n/ } ] });
18 const DECLTYPE_AUTO_RE = 'decltype\\(auto\\)';
19 const NAMESPACE_RE = '[a-zA-Z_]\\w*::';
20 const TEMPLATE_ARGUMENT_RE = '<[^<>]+>';
21 const FUNCTION_TYPE_RE = '(?!struct)('
22 + DECLTYPE_AUTO_RE + '|'
23 + regex.optional(NAMESPACE_RE)
24 + '[a-zA-Z_]\\w*' + regex.optional(TEMPLATE_ARGUMENT_RE)
25 + ')';
26
27 const CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = {
28 className: 'type',
29 begin: '\\b[a-z\\d_]*_t\\b'
30 };
31
32 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/escape
33 // \\ \x \xFF \u2837 \u00323747 \374
34 const CHARACTER_ESCAPES = '\\\\(x[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|u[0-9A-Fa-f]{4,8}|[0-7]{3}|\\S)';
35 const STRINGS = {
36 className: 'string',
37 variants: [
38 {
39 begin: '(u8?|U|L)?"',
40 end: '"',
41 illegal: '\\n',
42 contains: [ hljs.BACKSLASH_ESCAPE ]
43 },
44 {
45 begin: '(u8?|U|L)?\'(' + CHARACTER_ESCAPES + '|.)',
46 end: '\'',
47 illegal: '.'
48 },
49 hljs.END_SAME_AS_BEGIN({
50 begin: /(?:u8?|U|L)?R"([^()\\ ]{0,16})\(/,
51 end: /\)([^()\\ ]{0,16})"/
52 })
53 ]
54 };
55
56 const NUMBERS = {
57 className: 'number',
58 variants: [
59 // Floating-point literal.
60 { begin:
61 "[+-]?(?:" // Leading sign.
62 // Decimal.
63 + "(?:"
64 +"[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*\\.(?:[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*)?"
65 + "|\\.[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*"
66 + ")(?:[Ee][+-]?[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*)?"
67 + "|[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*[Ee][+-]?[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*"
68 // Hexadecimal.
69 + "|0[Xx](?:"
70 +"[0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*(?:\\.(?:[0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*)?)?"
71 + "|\\.[0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*"
72 + ")[Pp][+-]?[0-9](?:'?[0-9])*"
73 + ")(?:" // Literal suffixes.
74 + "[Ff](?:16|32|64|128)?"
75 + "|(BF|bf)16"
76 + "|[Ll]"
77 + "|" // Literal suffix is optional.
78 + ")"
79 },
80 // Integer literal.
81 { begin:
82 "[+-]?\\b(?:" // Leading sign.
83 + "0[Bb][01](?:'?[01])*" // Binary.
84 + "|0[Xx][0-9A-Fa-f](?:'?[0-9A-Fa-f])*" // Hexadecimal.
85 + "|0(?:'?[0-7])*" // Octal or just a lone zero.
86 + "|[1-9](?:'?[0-9])*" // Decimal.
87 + ")(?:" // Literal suffixes.
88 + "[Uu](?:LL?|ll?)"
89 + "|[Uu][Zz]?"
90 + "|(?:LL?|ll?)[Uu]?"
91 + "|[Zz][Uu]"
92 + "|" // Literal suffix is optional.
93 + ")"
94 // Note: there are user-defined literal suffixes too, but perhaps having the custom suffix not part of the
95 // literal highlight actually makes it stand out more.
96 }
97 ],
98 relevance: 0
99 };
100
101 const PREPROCESSOR = {
102 className: 'meta',
103 begin: /#\s*[a-z]+\b/,
104 end: /$/,
105 keywords: { keyword:
106 'if else elif endif define undef warning error line '
107 + 'pragma _Pragma ifdef ifndef include' },
108 contains: [
109 {
110 begin: /\\\n/,
111 relevance: 0
112 },
113 hljs.inherit(STRINGS, { className: 'string' }),
114 {
115 className: 'string',
116 begin: /<.*?>/
117 },
118 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
119 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE
120 ]
121 };
122
123 const TITLE_MODE = {
124 className: 'title',
125 begin: regex.optional(NAMESPACE_RE) + hljs.IDENT_RE,
126 relevance: 0
127 };
128
129 const FUNCTION_TITLE = regex.optional(NAMESPACE_RE) + hljs.IDENT_RE + '\\s*\\(';
130
131 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword
132 const RESERVED_KEYWORDS = [
133 'alignas',
134 'alignof',
135 'and',
136 'and_eq',
137 'asm',
138 'atomic_cancel',
139 'atomic_commit',
140 'atomic_noexcept',
141 'auto',
142 'bitand',
143 'bitor',
144 'break',
145 'case',
146 'catch',
147 'class',
148 'co_await',
149 'co_return',
150 'co_yield',
151 'compl',
152 'concept',
153 'const_cast|10',
154 'consteval',
155 'constexpr',
156 'constinit',
157 'continue',
158 'decltype',
159 'default',
160 'delete',
161 'do',
162 'dynamic_cast|10',
163 'else',
164 'enum',
165 'explicit',
166 'export',
167 'extern',
168 'false',
169 'final',
170 'for',
171 'friend',
172 'goto',
173 'if',
174 'import',
175 'inline',
176 'module',
177 'mutable',
178 'namespace',
179 'new',
180 'noexcept',
181 'not',
182 'not_eq',
183 'nullptr',
184 'operator',
185 'or',
186 'or_eq',
187 'override',
188 'private',
189 'protected',
190 'public',
191 'reflexpr',
192 'register',
193 'reinterpret_cast|10',
194 'requires',
195 'return',
196 'sizeof',
197 'static_assert',
198 'static_cast|10',
199 'struct',
200 'switch',
201 'synchronized',
202 'template',
203 'this',
204 'thread_local',
205 'throw',
206 'transaction_safe',
207 'transaction_safe_dynamic',
208 'true',
209 'try',
210 'typedef',
211 'typeid',
212 'typename',
213 'union',
214 'using',
215 'virtual',
216 'volatile',
217 'while',
218 'xor',
219 'xor_eq'
220 ];
221
222 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword
223 const RESERVED_TYPES = [
224 'bool',
225 'char',
226 'char16_t',
227 'char32_t',
228 'char8_t',
229 'double',
230 'float',
231 'int',
232 'long',
233 'short',
234 'void',
235 'wchar_t',
236 'unsigned',
237 'signed',
238 'const',
239 'static'
240 ];
241
242 const TYPE_HINTS = [
243 'any',
244 'auto_ptr',
245 'barrier',
246 'binary_semaphore',
247 'bitset',
248 'complex',
249 'condition_variable',
250 'condition_variable_any',
251 'counting_semaphore',
252 'deque',
253 'false_type',
254 'flat_map',
255 'flat_set',
256 'future',
257 'imaginary',
258 'initializer_list',
259 'istringstream',
260 'jthread',
261 'latch',
262 'lock_guard',
263 'multimap',
264 'multiset',
265 'mutex',
266 'optional',
267 'ostringstream',
268 'packaged_task',
269 'pair',
270 'promise',
271 'priority_queue',
272 'queue',
273 'recursive_mutex',
274 'recursive_timed_mutex',
275 'scoped_lock',
276 'set',
277 'shared_future',
278 'shared_lock',
279 'shared_mutex',
280 'shared_timed_mutex',
281 'shared_ptr',
282 'stack',
283 'string_view',
284 'stringstream',
285 'timed_mutex',
286 'thread',
287 'true_type',
288 'tuple',
289 'unique_lock',
290 'unique_ptr',
291 'unordered_map',
292 'unordered_multimap',
293 'unordered_multiset',
294 'unordered_set',
295 'variant',
296 'vector',
297 'weak_ptr',
298 'wstring',
299 'wstring_view'
300 ];
301
302 const FUNCTION_HINTS = [
303 'abort',
304 'abs',
305 'acos',
306 'apply',
307 'as_const',
308 'asin',
309 'atan',
310 'atan2',
311 'calloc',
312 'ceil',
313 'cerr',
314 'cin',
315 'clog',
316 'cos',
317 'cosh',
318 'cout',
319 'declval',
320 'endl',
321 'exchange',
322 'exit',
323 'exp',
324 'fabs',
325 'floor',
326 'fmod',
327 'forward',
328 'fprintf',
329 'fputs',
330 'free',
331 'frexp',
332 'fscanf',
333 'future',
334 'invoke',
335 'isalnum',
336 'isalpha',
337 'iscntrl',
338 'isdigit',
339 'isgraph',
340 'islower',
341 'isprint',
342 'ispunct',
343 'isspace',
344 'isupper',
345 'isxdigit',
346 'labs',
347 'launder',
348 'ldexp',
349 'log',
350 'log10',
351 'make_pair',
352 'make_shared',
353 'make_shared_for_overwrite',
354 'make_tuple',
355 'make_unique',
356 'malloc',
357 'memchr',
358 'memcmp',
359 'memcpy',
360 'memset',
361 'modf',
362 'move',
363 'pow',
364 'printf',
365 'putchar',
366 'puts',
367 'realloc',
368 'scanf',
369 'sin',
370 'sinh',
371 'snprintf',
372 'sprintf',
373 'sqrt',
374 'sscanf',
375 'std',
376 'stderr',
377 'stdin',
378 'stdout',
379 'strcat',
380 'strchr',
381 'strcmp',
382 'strcpy',
383 'strcspn',
384 'strlen',
385 'strncat',
386 'strncmp',
387 'strncpy',
388 'strpbrk',
389 'strrchr',
390 'strspn',
391 'strstr',
392 'swap',
393 'tan',
394 'tanh',
395 'terminate',
396 'to_underlying',
397 'tolower',
398 'toupper',
399 'vfprintf',
400 'visit',
401 'vprintf',
402 'vsprintf'
403 ];
404
405 const LITERALS = [
406 'NULL',
407 'false',
408 'nullopt',
409 'nullptr',
410 'true'
411 ];
412
413 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword
414 const BUILT_IN = [ '_Pragma' ];
415
416 const CPP_KEYWORDS = {
417 type: RESERVED_TYPES,
418 keyword: RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
419 literal: LITERALS,
420 built_in: BUILT_IN,
421 _type_hints: TYPE_HINTS
422 };
423
424 const FUNCTION_DISPATCH = {
425 className: 'function.dispatch',
426 relevance: 0,
427 keywords: {
428 // Only for relevance, not highlighting.
429 _hint: FUNCTION_HINTS },
430 begin: regex.concat(
431 /\b/,
432 /(?!decltype)/,
433 /(?!if)/,
434 /(?!for)/,
435 /(?!switch)/,
436 /(?!while)/,
437 hljs.IDENT_RE,
438 regex.lookahead(/(<[^<>]+>|)\s*\(/))
439 };
440
441 const EXPRESSION_CONTAINS = [
442 FUNCTION_DISPATCH,
443 PREPROCESSOR,
444 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES,
445 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
446 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
447 NUMBERS,
448 STRINGS
449 ];
450
451 const EXPRESSION_CONTEXT = {
452 // This mode covers expression context where we can't expect a function
453 // definition and shouldn't highlight anything that looks like one:
454 // `return some()`, `else if()`, `(x*sum(1, 2))`
455 variants: [
456 {
457 begin: /=/,
458 end: /;/
459 },
460 {
461 begin: /\(/,
462 end: /\)/
463 },
464 {
465 beginKeywords: 'new throw return else',
466 end: /;/
467 }
468 ],
469 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
470 contains: EXPRESSION_CONTAINS.concat([
471 {
472 begin: /\(/,
473 end: /\)/,
474 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
475 contains: EXPRESSION_CONTAINS.concat([ 'self' ]),
476 relevance: 0
477 }
478 ]),
479 relevance: 0
480 };
481
482 const FUNCTION_DECLARATION = {
483 className: 'function',
484 begin: '(' + FUNCTION_TYPE_RE + '[\\*&\\s]+)+' + FUNCTION_TITLE,
485 returnBegin: true,
486 end: /[{;=]/,
487 excludeEnd: true,
488 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
489 illegal: /[^\w\s\*&:<>.]/,
490 contains: [
491 { // to prevent it from being confused as the function title
492 begin: DECLTYPE_AUTO_RE,
493 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
494 relevance: 0
495 },
496 {
497 begin: FUNCTION_TITLE,
498 returnBegin: true,
499 contains: [ TITLE_MODE ],
500 relevance: 0
501 },
502 // needed because we do not have look-behind on the below rule
503 // to prevent it from grabbing the final : in a :: pair
504 {
505 begin: /::/,
506 relevance: 0
507 },
508 // initializers
509 {
510 begin: /:/,
511 endsWithParent: true,
512 contains: [
513 STRINGS,
514 NUMBERS
515 ]
516 },
517 // allow for multiple declarations, e.g.:
518 // extern void f(int), g(char);
519 {
520 relevance: 0,
521 match: /,/
522 },
523 {
524 className: 'params',
525 begin: /\(/,
526 end: /\)/,
527 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
528 relevance: 0,
529 contains: [
530 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
531 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
532 STRINGS,
533 NUMBERS,
534 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES,
535 // Count matching parentheses.
536 {
537 begin: /\(/,
538 end: /\)/,
539 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
540 relevance: 0,
541 contains: [
542 'self',
543 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
544 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
545 STRINGS,
546 NUMBERS,
547 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES
548 ]
549 }
550 ]
551 },
552 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES,
553 C_LINE_COMMENT_MODE,
554 hljs.C_BLOCK_COMMENT_MODE,
555 PREPROCESSOR
556 ]
557 };
558
559 return {
560 name: 'C++',
561 aliases: [
562 'cc',
563 'c++',
564 'h++',
565 'hpp',
566 'hh',
567 'hxx',
568 'cxx'
569 ],
570 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
571 illegal: '</',
572 classNameAliases: { 'function.dispatch': 'built_in' },
573 contains: [].concat(
574 EXPRESSION_CONTEXT,
575 FUNCTION_DECLARATION,
576 FUNCTION_DISPATCH,
577 EXPRESSION_CONTAINS,
578 [
579 PREPROCESSOR,
580 { // containers: ie, `vector <int> rooms (9);`
581 begin: '\\b(deque|list|queue|priority_queue|pair|stack|vector|map|set|bitset|multiset|multimap|unordered_map|unordered_set|unordered_multiset|unordered_multimap|array|tuple|optional|variant|function|flat_map|flat_set)\\s*<(?!<)',
582 end: '>',
583 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS,
584 contains: [
585 'self',
586 CPP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES
587 ]
588 },
589 {
590 begin: hljs.IDENT_RE + '::',
591 keywords: CPP_KEYWORDS
592 },
593 {
594 match: [
595 // extra complexity to deal with `enum class` and `enum struct`
596 /\b(?:enum(?:\s+(?:class|struct))?|class|struct|union)/,
597 /\s+/,
598 /\w+/
599 ],
600 className: {
601 1: 'keyword',
602 3: 'title.class'
603 }
604 }
605 ])
606 };
607 }
608
609 return cpp;
610
611 })();
612 ;
613 export default hljsGrammar;