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Removed unneeded files.
author June Park <parkjune1995@gmail.com>
date Sat, 03 Jan 2026 10:10:40 -0800
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1 Overview [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lydell/js-tokens.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lydell/js-tokens)
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2 ========
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3
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4 A regex that tokenizes JavaScript.
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5
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6 ```js
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7 var jsTokens = require("js-tokens").default
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8
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9 var jsString = "var foo=opts.foo;\n..."
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10
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11 jsString.match(jsTokens)
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12 // ["var", " ", "foo", "=", "opts", ".", "foo", ";", "\n", ...]
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13 ```
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14
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15
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16 Installation
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17 ============
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18
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19 `npm install js-tokens`
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20
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21 ```js
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22 import jsTokens from "js-tokens"
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23 // or:
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24 var jsTokens = require("js-tokens").default
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25 ```
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26
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27
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28 Usage
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29 =====
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30
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31 ### `jsTokens` ###
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32
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33 A regex with the `g` flag that matches JavaScript tokens.
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34
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35 The regex _always_ matches, even invalid JavaScript and the empty string.
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36
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37 The next match is always directly after the previous.
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38
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39 ### `var token = matchToToken(match)` ###
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40
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41 ```js
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42 import {matchToToken} from "js-tokens"
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43 // or:
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44 var matchToToken = require("js-tokens").matchToToken
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45 ```
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46
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47 Takes a `match` returned by `jsTokens.exec(string)`, and returns a `{type:
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48 String, value: String}` object. The following types are available:
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49
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50 - string
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51 - comment
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52 - regex
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53 - number
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54 - name
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55 - punctuator
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56 - whitespace
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57 - invalid
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58
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59 Multi-line comments and strings also have a `closed` property indicating if the
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60 token was closed or not (see below).
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61
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62 Comments and strings both come in several flavors. To distinguish them, check if
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63 the token starts with `//`, `/*`, `'`, `"` or `` ` ``.
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64
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65 Names are ECMAScript IdentifierNames, that is, including both identifiers and
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66 keywords. You may use [is-keyword-js] to tell them apart.
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67
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68 Whitespace includes both line terminators and other whitespace.
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69
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70 [is-keyword-js]: https://github.com/crissdev/is-keyword-js
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71
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72
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73 ECMAScript support
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74 ==================
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75
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76 The intention is to always support the latest ECMAScript version whose feature
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77 set has been finalized.
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78
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79 If adding support for a newer version requires changes, a new version with a
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80 major verion bump will be released.
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81
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82 Currently, ECMAScript 2018 is supported.
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83
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84
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85 Invalid code handling
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86 =====================
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87
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88 Unterminated strings are still matched as strings. JavaScript strings cannot
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89 contain (unescaped) newlines, so unterminated strings simply end at the end of
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90 the line. Unterminated template strings can contain unescaped newlines, though,
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91 so they go on to the end of input.
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92
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93 Unterminated multi-line comments are also still matched as comments. They
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94 simply go on to the end of the input.
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95
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96 Unterminated regex literals are likely matched as division and whatever is
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97 inside the regex.
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98
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99 Invalid ASCII characters have their own capturing group.
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100
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101 Invalid non-ASCII characters are treated as names, to simplify the matching of
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102 names (except unicode spaces which are treated as whitespace). Note: See also
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103 the [ES2018](#es2018) section.
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104
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105 Regex literals may contain invalid regex syntax. They are still matched as
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106 regex literals. They may also contain repeated regex flags, to keep the regex
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107 simple.
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108
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109 Strings may contain invalid escape sequences.
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110
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111
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112 Limitations
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113 ===========
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114
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115 Tokenizing JavaScript using regexes—in fact, _one single regex_—won’t be
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116 perfect. But that’s not the point either.
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117
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118 You may compare jsTokens with [esprima] by using `esprima-compare.js`.
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119 See `npm run esprima-compare`!
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120
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121 [esprima]: http://esprima.org/
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122
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123 ### Template string interpolation ###
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124
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125 Template strings are matched as single tokens, from the starting `` ` `` to the
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126 ending `` ` ``, including interpolations (whose tokens are not matched
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127 individually).
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128
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129 Matching template string interpolations requires recursive balancing of `{` and
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130 `}`—something that JavaScript regexes cannot do. Only one level of nesting is
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131 supported.
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132
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133 ### Division and regex literals collision ###
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134
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135 Consider this example:
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136
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137 ```js
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138 var g = 9.82
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139 var number = bar / 2/g
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140
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141 var regex = / 2/g
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142 ```
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143
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144 A human can easily understand that in the `number` line we’re dealing with
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145 division, and in the `regex` line we’re dealing with a regex literal. How come?
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146 Because humans can look at the whole code to put the `/` characters in context.
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147 A JavaScript regex cannot. It only sees forwards. (Well, ES2018 regexes can also
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148 look backwards. See the [ES2018](#es2018) section).
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149
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150 When the `jsTokens` regex scans throught the above, it will see the following
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151 at the end of both the `number` and `regex` rows:
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152
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153 ```js
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154 / 2/g
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155 ```
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156
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157 It is then impossible to know if that is a regex literal, or part of an
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158 expression dealing with division.
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159
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160 Here is a similar case:
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161
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162 ```js
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163 foo /= 2/g
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164 foo(/= 2/g)
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165 ```
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166
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167 The first line divides the `foo` variable with `2/g`. The second line calls the
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168 `foo` function with the regex literal `/= 2/g`. Again, since `jsTokens` only
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169 sees forwards, it cannot tell the two cases apart.
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170
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171 There are some cases where we _can_ tell division and regex literals apart,
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172 though.
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173
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174 First off, we have the simple cases where there’s only one slash in the line:
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175
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176 ```js
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177 var foo = 2/g
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178 foo /= 2
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179 ```
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180
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181 Regex literals cannot contain newlines, so the above cases are correctly
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182 identified as division. Things are only problematic when there are more than
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183 one non-comment slash in a single line.
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184
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185 Secondly, not every character is a valid regex flag.
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186
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187 ```js
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188 var number = bar / 2/e
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189 ```
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190
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191 The above example is also correctly identified as division, because `e` is not a
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192 valid regex flag. I initially wanted to future-proof by allowing `[a-zA-Z]*`
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193 (any letter) as flags, but it is not worth it since it increases the amount of
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194 ambigous cases. So only the standard `g`, `m`, `i`, `y` and `u` flags are
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195 allowed. This means that the above example will be identified as division as
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196 long as you don’t rename the `e` variable to some permutation of `gmiyus` 1 to 6
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197 characters long.
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198
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199 Lastly, we can look _forward_ for information.
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200
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201 - If the token following what looks like a regex literal is not valid after a
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202 regex literal, but is valid in a division expression, then the regex literal
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203 is treated as division instead. For example, a flagless regex cannot be
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204 followed by a string, number or name, but all of those three can be the
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205 denominator of a division.
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206 - Generally, if what looks like a regex literal is followed by an operator, the
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207 regex literal is treated as division instead. This is because regexes are
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208 seldomly used with operators (such as `+`, `*`, `&&` and `==`), but division
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209 could likely be part of such an expression.
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210
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211 Please consult the regex source and the test cases for precise information on
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212 when regex or division is matched (should you need to know). In short, you
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213 could sum it up as:
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214
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215 If the end of a statement looks like a regex literal (even if it isn’t), it
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216 will be treated as one. Otherwise it should work as expected (if you write sane
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217 code).
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218
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219 ### ES2018 ###
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220
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221 ES2018 added some nice regex improvements to the language.
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222
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223 - [Unicode property escapes] should allow telling names and invalid non-ASCII
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224 characters apart without blowing up the regex size.
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225 - [Lookbehind assertions] should allow matching telling division and regex
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226 literals apart in more cases.
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227 - [Named capture groups] might simplify some things.
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228
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229 These things would be nice to do, but are not critical. They probably have to
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230 wait until the oldest maintained Node.js LTS release supports those features.
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231
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232 [Unicode property escapes]: http://2ality.com/2017/07/regexp-unicode-property-escapes.html
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233 [Lookbehind assertions]: http://2ality.com/2017/05/regexp-lookbehind-assertions.html
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234 [Named capture groups]: http://2ality.com/2017/05/regexp-named-capture-groups.html
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235
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236
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237 License
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238 =======
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239
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240 [MIT](LICENSE).